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Volume 16, Issue 2 (Summer 2026)
Disaster Prev. Manag. Know. 2026, 16(2): 214-263 |
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Biglari E, Biglari A. Multicriteria Assessment of Seismic Resilience Indicators in Urban Apartment Housing in Mashhad, Iran: An Examination of Ten Case Studies. Disaster Prev. Manag. Know. 2026; 16 (2) :214-263
URL: http://dpmk.ir/article-1-785-en.html
URL: http://dpmk.ir/article-1-785-en.html
1- Department of Architecture, Ma. C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
2- Department of Civil Engineering, Natural Hazard Management Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
2- Department of Civil Engineering, Natural Hazard Management Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
Abstract: (1432 Views)
Background and objective To enhance seismic resilience, accurately and comprehensively identifying the components affecting vulnerability, along with the quantitative and integrated determination of the influence of each variable, is one of the most fundamental and strategic approaches. The present study aimed to assess the level of seismic resilience by applying multicriteria analysis methods across physical, infrastructural, economic, social, and managerial dimensions. This comprehensive approach helps identify strengths and weaknesses in each domain and provides a basis for developing effective intervention programs to improve resilience to earthquakes.
Methods This study adopted a systematic approach. First, the indicators influencing resilience were extracted through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, and the variables affecting each indicator were identified. Subsequently, the principal and key factors were determined using principal component analysis (PCA) and data-processing procedures. Next, the resilience status of ten residential apartment buildings in different areas of Mashhad City, Iran, was evaluated through a multicriteria assessment using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Finally, an integrated seismic resilience index was calculated by summing the weighted values of the standardized indicators, thereby providing a comprehensive measure for assessing the overall resilience of the buildings. This index enables the comparison and ranking of buildings based on their level of resilience to earthquakes.
Results The PCA demonstrated significant correlations between the investigated variables and seismic resilience. Among the principal components, the physical component had the greatest effect on seismic resilience. Furthermore, considering the relationships between the parameters and resilience indicators, housing quality, with a factor loading of 0.996, played the most significant role in ensuring the seismic resilience of residential apartments in Mashhad City.
Conclusion By presenting a comprehensive framework for measuring resilience, this study not only identifies existing vulnerabilities but also provides an essential prerequisite for designing and implementing targeted and effective preventive measures. By considering the identified spatial patterns of vulnerability, such measures can, as part of a resilience-oriented approach, effectively reduce earthquake-related losses. Nevertheless, fully realizing the objectives of this study requires replication in other regions of the country and at the national level. Such efforts would provide a comprehensive understanding of seismic resilience at the macro scale and facilitate more precise planning based on the results.
Methods This study adopted a systematic approach. First, the indicators influencing resilience were extracted through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, and the variables affecting each indicator were identified. Subsequently, the principal and key factors were determined using principal component analysis (PCA) and data-processing procedures. Next, the resilience status of ten residential apartment buildings in different areas of Mashhad City, Iran, was evaluated through a multicriteria assessment using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Finally, an integrated seismic resilience index was calculated by summing the weighted values of the standardized indicators, thereby providing a comprehensive measure for assessing the overall resilience of the buildings. This index enables the comparison and ranking of buildings based on their level of resilience to earthquakes.
Results The PCA demonstrated significant correlations between the investigated variables and seismic resilience. Among the principal components, the physical component had the greatest effect on seismic resilience. Furthermore, considering the relationships between the parameters and resilience indicators, housing quality, with a factor loading of 0.996, played the most significant role in ensuring the seismic resilience of residential apartments in Mashhad City.
Conclusion By presenting a comprehensive framework for measuring resilience, this study not only identifies existing vulnerabilities but also provides an essential prerequisite for designing and implementing targeted and effective preventive measures. By considering the identified spatial patterns of vulnerability, such measures can, as part of a resilience-oriented approach, effectively reduce earthquake-related losses. Nevertheless, fully realizing the objectives of this study requires replication in other regions of the country and at the national level. Such efforts would provide a comprehensive understanding of seismic resilience at the macro scale and facilitate more precise planning based on the results.
Keywords: Built environment, Seismic resilience, Residential land use, Multicriteria assessment, Analytic hierarchy process
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/06/24 | Accepted: 2025/10/13 | ePublished: 2026/09/19
Received: 2025/06/24 | Accepted: 2025/10/13 | ePublished: 2026/09/19
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