Background and objective: An earthquake in Tehran and Alborz province will cause heavy human and economic losses and allocating large amounts of resources and rehabilitation activities in recovery phase. Hence it is necessary to prepare, identify vulnerabilities and plan pre-disaster. The present article tries to identify the internal and external factors affecting physical vulnerability and introduce appropriate strategies before and after the disaster for reconstruction phase.

Method: This is an analytical - descriptive study. For the purpose of the paper, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of vulnerability reduction and preparation plan were identified and analyzed through assessment of the current situation, the national and local documents and producing risk and vulnerability maps. Based on the SWOT analysis, strategies were made. In this article needed maps is made in ArcGIS software.

Findings: Risk map of Tehran and Alborz province shows that 12% of the area is located in high and very high risk zone (city of Tehran, Karaj and shemiranat). Results showed that opportunities such as People's tendency to buy second homes in the suburbs, the possibility of change in physical structure due to the authorities' awareness of the effects of the earthquake and Special situation in the country create major capacities for achieving the goals of preparation plan. Meanwhile, asset accumulation and low readiness of organizations to respond disasters are major obstacles to its realization.

Conclusion: Reconstruction is an opportunity to plan for the future and preservation of past.  The adverse impacts of earthquake can be reduced by physical preparation plan.