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Volume 15, Issue 3 (Autumn-In Press 2025)
Disaster Prev. Manag. Know. 2025, 15(3): 0-0 |
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Mousavi S S, Ebrahimian M, Najafi M, Delfan M, Fahmi H, Tazikeh M et al . Design and Validation of an HSE Performance Assessment Tool for Urban Mass Gatherings: A Case Study in Tehran. Disaster Prev. Manag. Know. 2025; 15 (3)
URL: http://dpmk.ir/article-1-807-en.html
URL: http://dpmk.ir/article-1-807-en.html
Seyed Sajad Mousavi1 
, Mobin Ebrahimian2 , Mohammad Najafi3 , Mohammad Delfan4 , Hossein Fahmi5 , Masoumeh Tazikeh6 , Nafiseh Mirzahashemi7
, Mobin Ebrahimian2 , Mohammad Najafi3 , Mohammad Delfan4 , Hossein Fahmi5 , Masoumeh Tazikeh6 , Nafiseh Mirzahashemi7
1- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
2- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Industrial Safety Engineering, Caspian Institute of Higher Education, Qazvin, Iran
4- Tabarestan Institute of Higher Education, Chaloos, Iran
5- Department of Civil Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
6- University of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
7- Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Industrial Safety Engineering, Caspian Institute of Higher Education, Qazvin, Iran
4- Tabarestan Institute of Higher Education, Chaloos, Iran
5- Department of Civil Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
6- University of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
7- Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (14 Views)
Background and Objective: With the increasing frequency and scale of urban mass gatherings, systematic attention to health, safety, and environmental (HSE) dimensions has become a strategic priority in urban governance. Despite growing awareness, existing assessment frameworks often lack operational features and adaptability to local contexts. This study aimed to design and validate a structured tool for evaluating HSE performance in urban gatherings, identify methodological gaps in previous research, and propose context-sensitive solutions tailored to the city of Tehran.
Method: Using a mixed-methods approach (qualitative–quantitative), this research identified, categorized, and validated key indicators for assessing HSE performance in urban mass gatherings. Tool development was informed by risk analysis, review of past experiences, expert consultations, and field observations. The preliminary version was pilot-tested in three selected urban events in Tehran, and its psychometric properties—including content validity, construct validity, and reliability—were evaluated using standard statistical methods. The final version of the tool comprises 14 operational indicators: 6 safety-related, 4 health-related, and 4 environmental indicators.
Results: Findings from the design and validation process revealed that several critical components—such as electrical safety, food hygiene, and waste management—are significantly overlooked in current planning practices. Expert review confirmed that over 90% of the proposed items demonstrated acceptable content and face validity. Furthermore, a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.86 indicated satisfactory reliability under real-world conditions. The validated tool exhibited high sensitivity in identifying performance gaps and enables targeted interventions to improve HSE outcomes in urban mass gatherings. It offers a practical framework for monitoring, evaluating, and enhancing HSE performance across urban events.
Conclusion: The tool developed and validated in this study provides a structured, replicable, and scalable framework for assessing HSE performance in urban mass gatherings. By addressing overlooked components and multidimensional risks, it enables systematic analysis and targeted intervention throughout the event lifecycle—from initial planning to implementation and post-event dismantling. Its application across various managerial levels—including urban authorities, event organizers, and safety researchers—can enhance the quality of decision-making and planning processes. Moreover, it promotes greater alignment of operational practices with recognized standards in health, safety, and environmental sustainability, particularly in the context of large-scale urban gatherings.
Method: Using a mixed-methods approach (qualitative–quantitative), this research identified, categorized, and validated key indicators for assessing HSE performance in urban mass gatherings. Tool development was informed by risk analysis, review of past experiences, expert consultations, and field observations. The preliminary version was pilot-tested in three selected urban events in Tehran, and its psychometric properties—including content validity, construct validity, and reliability—were evaluated using standard statistical methods. The final version of the tool comprises 14 operational indicators: 6 safety-related, 4 health-related, and 4 environmental indicators.
Results: Findings from the design and validation process revealed that several critical components—such as electrical safety, food hygiene, and waste management—are significantly overlooked in current planning practices. Expert review confirmed that over 90% of the proposed items demonstrated acceptable content and face validity. Furthermore, a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.86 indicated satisfactory reliability under real-world conditions. The validated tool exhibited high sensitivity in identifying performance gaps and enables targeted interventions to improve HSE outcomes in urban mass gatherings. It offers a practical framework for monitoring, evaluating, and enhancing HSE performance across urban events.
Conclusion: The tool developed and validated in this study provides a structured, replicable, and scalable framework for assessing HSE performance in urban mass gatherings. By addressing overlooked components and multidimensional risks, it enables systematic analysis and targeted intervention throughout the event lifecycle—from initial planning to implementation and post-event dismantling. Its application across various managerial levels—including urban authorities, event organizers, and safety researchers—can enhance the quality of decision-making and planning processes. Moreover, it promotes greater alignment of operational practices with recognized standards in health, safety, and environmental sustainability, particularly in the context of large-scale urban gatherings.
Keywords: Mass gatherings, HSE assessment, urban safety, performance evaluation, tool validation, Tehran, urban risk management, Checklist
Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/08/25 | Accepted: 2025/10/26 | ePublished: 2025/12/21
Received: 2025/08/25 | Accepted: 2025/10/26 | ePublished: 2025/12/21
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