Bacground and objective: Assessing the threats and vulnerabilities of infrastructure is one of the major concerns of security officials in a country, and water supply systems are one of the most important and sensitive infrastructures. Water supply systems are also among the basic infrastructures that are very important in assessing the threats in these systems and identifying its weaknesses. In this regard, in the present study, in addition to assessing the risk of a water system with existing methods, we intend to correct and update these methods and examine its results.

Method:The present study is a practical application in terms of nature and a combination of descriptive-analytical and quantitative methods in terms of implementation. In this study, in addition to field visits and interviews with relevant experts in the field of study to perform calculations and risk assessment of water systems, two methods of FEMA and Fuzzy risk assessment have been used as well as modified of these two methods.

Finding:The results of the assessment of the water level of Samah studied in the present study using FEMA method, indicate high risk in facilities 4 to 6, low risk in facilities 7 and 9 and medium risk in other facilities. In the Fuzzy method, in addition to facilities 7 and 9, which have medium risk, other high-risk facilities have been identified. Also, the results of the modified FEMA method (managerial FEMA) indicate high risk in facilities 4 to 6 and medium risk in other facilities. Also, according to the results of Kai-Esquar test, fema and fuzzy tests are significant in two levels of 1 and 5%, but the modified methods in these two levels are not significant.

Conclusion:The results of the Fuzzy method in this study are closer to the real conditions of the system under study, so it can be used as a native method in the study area. Due to studies in a water system, the insignificance of the results of corrective methods is not a reason for the inefficiency of these methods and more studies can be done in this field.

Background and purpose: Earthquake as one of the most important natural hazards in cities, causes huge financial and human losses every year, and one of the most necessary measures in this field is the application of disaster risk management principles. One of the most important requirements of those affected by natural hazards is to have a safe shelter.
Method: The type of research is applied and conducted based on descriptive-analytical approach. Based on effective criteria for the optimal location of emergency and temporary housing, 19 information layers of Damghan city were used, and then a map of suitable areas for emergency and temporary housing was prepared using Fuzzy model and ArcGIS software.
Findings: The results obtained showed that, the parts located within the boundaries of Daneshjoo Park and Jungle Park, Imam neighborhood, Baharestan neighborhood, Mosala (under construction), Golestan settlement and Mehr housing, University of Basic Sciences Damghan, Imam Hossein, 15 Khordad, Daneshjoo and Saadi squares in the city of Damghan had a higher priority for locating emergency and temporary housing after a possible earthquake, which requires the proper attention of organizations and departments (municipality, governorate, Red Crescent, etc.) In the field of providing and equipping the infrastructure, providing necessary tools, equipment and items (medicine, food, water and energy sources, etc.) during possible earthquake in Damghan city, along with the education of all citizens and their participation. It should be noted that the rest of the existing urban area of Damghan, which is about 70% of the urban area, needs serious attention considering crisis management caused by a possible earthquake and is not suitable for emergency and temporary housing.
Conclusion: The main crisis management strategy is to build emergency and temporary housing bases for earthquake survivors to reduce the damaging effects after an earthquake. Therefore, in urban land use planning in cities such as Damghan, it is necessary to locate land use suitable for earthquake risk such as rescue and rescue centers and shelters according to the population and other geographical and climatic conditions (weather and wind conditions).