Introduction
The communication network plays an important role in the cities’ resilience against natural disasters such as earthquakes and fire accidents. If this network has appropriate resilience and does not fail, it can play an important role in reducing casualties from accidents. Access routes as a communication network of the city are very important for rescue forces to reach the accident scene in the shortest possible time and continue operational measures. Various accidents and events have occurred in the Tehran metropolis, Iran. The present study aims to investigate the current and ideal state of physical and infrastructural resilience of District 20 of Tehran based on the geographic information system (GIS) in order to help the Tehran Fire Department during crises and natural disasters. 

Materials and Methods
First, three criteria, seven sub-criteria, and 21 indicators were collected to evaluate the physical and infrastructural resilience of the fire stations. Considering that some criteria and sub-criteria are preferable to other criteria and play a significant role in the infrastructural and physical resilience, 15 researcher-made questionnaires were completed by experts from fire departments in Tehran. They were asked to rate the importance of the criteria from 1 to 9. The weight of these criteria was calculated using the Expert Choice 11 software. The inconsistency ratio for judgment consistency was less than 0.1. By layering the criteria using the weights obtained from the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method in the ArcGIS software, version 10.6 and overlaying the layers, the final resilience map of District 20 was prepared.

Results
The first examined criterion was the infrastructure resilience, which had three sub-criteria, including: Fire stations (number and area of fire stations, number of vehicles and equipment, population density, number of personnel, number of hydrants), vital arteries (roads, power transmission, and gas lines), and relief and military centers (health centers, military centers). The second criterion was physical resilience, which had two sub-criteria of occupations (low-risk places, high-risk places, moderate-risk places) and urban fabric (worn fabric, historical buildings, bridges). The third criterion was environmental resilience with the sub-criteria of geographical features (slope, faults, and canals) and environmental sustainability (green space of public and private roads). 
Based on the AHP results and the output of Expert Choice 11 software, the infrastructure resilience was the first priority (weight=0.731), followed by the physical resilience (weight=0.188) and environmental resilience (weight=0.081). Based on the zoning map of resilience in the context of health, safety, and environment, it was found that 3.3% of the area (729,718 m2) had low resilience, 35.38% (7,802,578 m2) moderate resilience, 29.54% (6,513,646 m2) high resilience, 30.1% (6,639,824 m2) very high resilience, and 1.65% (364,196 m2) extremely high resilience. The results of analyzing the functional radius of seven fire stations showed that fire stations (fire, rescue, and support) in old neighborhoods with narrow passages (region 1 and the southern part of region 4) face accessibility challenges which should be considered in order to make the area resilient to fires and accidents. 

Conclusion
According to the results, the District 20 of Tehran has appropriate physical and infrastructural resilience to fire and accidents.

Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
This research was conducted in compliance with the ethical principles. Since there was no experiment on human or animal samples, the need for an ethical code was waived.

Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Authors' contributions
All authors contributed equally to the conception and design of the study, data collection and analysis, interpretation of the results, and drafting of the manuscript. Each author approved the final version of the manuscript for submission.

Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments
The authors would like thank the Technology and Information Unit of the Tehran Fire Department for providing information and all firefighters and experts who participated in responding to the questionnaire.

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