Introduction
Despite conducting numerous studies in the two areas of “architectural design process” and “post-disaster housing reconstruction” in recent years in Iran, limited studies have been conducted in the meta-study of these two areas. The existing theoretical gap in this field is such that it is not possible to find and implement an appropriate approach to design and plan housing after disasters. On the other hand, the existing standards in this field are not very clear to the architects and planners, and experts in Iran have no clue how to formulate the architectural design and planning process in at the time of disasters. To redefine the “post-disaster housing reconstruction” and strengthen the common theoretical foundations, the current research aims to review the related studies to obtain in-depth knowledge of the concepts common between post-disaster housing reconstruction and architectural design process, extract operational concepts, and formulate a proposed conceptual model.

Methods
This is a meta-study using an interpretive-naturalistic approach. The articles published in Persian over the last twenty years were searched using the keywords “housing architecture design process”, “post-disaster housing reconstruction,” and “ participatory architecture design process and post-disaster housing”. The initial search yielded 168 articles. After several stages of screening and removing articles from conference papers, theses, books, reports, and less relevant studies, 66 articles were selected for further review.
The meta-study of the selected articles was done in four steps: meta-analysis, meta-method, meta-theory, and meta-synthesis. In the meta-analysis step, by using qualitative data analysis and descriptive statistics, the characteristics of selected articles, including year of publication, author name, type of study, purpose of study, method of study, and study area, were extracted. In the meta-method step, to deeply analyze the research methodology, content analysis and qualitative data analysis were used. For this purpose, the qualitative data obtained from the articles were first converted into quantitative data with the coding process and in MaxQDA software. Then, with quantitative data analysis, the dimensions and procedural features of the selected articles were described and interpreted. In the meta-theory step, the principles and structures of the selected articles, including keywords, theoretical content, and theoretical models, were examined and analyzed using parallel data analysis in separate quantitative and qualitative processes which led to the generation of categories and concepts and the understanding of the conceptual relationship between categories. Finally, in the meta-synthesis step, the explanation of the relationship between the conceptual areas and the construction of a theoretical tree were carried out. In this step, the results of parallel analyses obtained from previous quantitative and qualitative processes were combined and interpreted to obtain a new understanding of the study subject.

Results
The studies in the field of Iranian architecture are mainly subject-oriented and independent of time and place, based on theoretical knowledge along with the global knowledge of architecture and in line with the third generation of design processes (mental processes of architects). Meanwhile, the articles in the field of post-disaster housing reconstruction in Iran are mainly experience-oriented and location-oriented, with an applied design and using case study. Most of these articles aim to evaluate the situation, tell the story, document, and describe the processes that have been carried out during previous disasters. Therefore, there is a lack of fundamental studies in the theoretical fields related to “ post-disaster housing reconstruction” and developing conceptual models. The presence of architects in the processes of supply, planning, design, construction, and monitoring of housing after the disaster while having effective cooperation and participation with the victims and the executive trustees of the reconstruction after the disaster are important.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that the “post-disaster housing design process,” due to its nature, includes all three generations of architectural design processes, including systematic, collaborative, and mental processes. Recognizing and redefining the “steps of post-disaster housing design and planning”, “roles and responsibilities”, and “managing the implementation of plans and programs” related to the systematic processes; “participatory design and participatory architects”, “participation in post-disaster design and supply of housing”, “effective factors, barriers, and facilitators of participation” related to the collaborative processes; and “architect- and problem-focused design factors”, “architect’s post-disaster knowledge and attitude towards the situation”, “redefining the post-disaster contextual architecture” and “ mentalizing factors of the architect and disaster survivors” related to the mental processes are the most important issues involved in the three generations of the post-disaster housing design process.

Ethical Considerations

Compliance with ethical guidelines
All ethical principles were observed in this study.

Funding
This article is derived from the Bahareh Zenian`s doctoral thesis entitled “Architectural Design Process in Post Disaster Reconstruction”, supervised by the second author and advised by the third author, at Islamic Azad University Tehran North Branch. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-forprofit sectors

Authors' contributions
The authors contributed equally to preparing this paper.

Conflicts of interest
Authors declared no conflicts of interest.


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