Elementary schools are considered among the sensitive environments in the face of emergencies due to the presence of young children and their dependence on educational staff in emergency situations. Safe evacuation of these spaces is not solely dependent on the physical characteristics of the building, and factors such as population distribution, management of the exit flow, guidance of individuals, and organization of educational staff also affect the performance of the evacuation process. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and improving the emergency evacuation process at Hazrat Maryam Girls’ Elementary School in Mashhad, with an emphasis on integrating physical and managerial interventions. The research method is quantitative and based on agent-based modeling and simulation using Pathfinder software. The required data were collected through field surveys, direct observation, and interviews with the principal and educational staff, and were simulated in the form of six evacuation scenarios. The scenarios included the existing condition, increased walking speed, controlled delay, removal of non-structural obstacles, and relocation of classrooms with the aim of achieving a more appropriate distribution of the population and improving evacuation guidance. The results showed that the evacuation time under the existing condition was 298.8 seconds, whereas in the final scenario, which included the relocation of two classrooms and population guidance by educational staff, this time decreased to 148.9 seconds, indicating a 50.1% reduction in evacuation time. The findings show that combining physical modifications and managerial interventions can, while reducing evacuation time, also help reduce population density and bottlenecks. Accordingly, agent-based modeling can be used as a tool to support emergency planning, the design of evacuation scenarios, and the training and exercising of school principals and educational staff.