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Iranian Space Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (150 Views)
This study aims to elucidate the strategic role of LiDAR in disaster events and their associated crisis management by analyzing the capabilities and limitations of LiDAR-based remote sensing technology. With a particular focus on the performance of UAV-, airborne-, and spaceborne LiDAR systems across different disaster scenarios—especially floods and earthquakes—it provides both a technical and an economic assessment. The results indicate that LiDAR, with vertical accuracies in the range of 5–10 cm for airborne and UAV systems and very high spatial resolution of approximately 0.3–0.5 m, enables the generation of digital terrain and surface models with uncertainties of less than 15% in elevation changes and three-dimensional displacement estimates. It can also improve the effectiveness of flood modeling and structural damage assessment by approximately 30–40% compared with low-resolution elevation data. From an operational perspective, UAV-based LiDAR, owing to its very high point density (>100 points/m²) and rapid effective deployment time on the order of hours to one day, represents the most suitable option for rapid emergency response and localized urban-scale damage assessment. In contrast, airborne LiDAR, by balancing accuracy and spatial coverage over scales of 10210^2102–10410^4104 km², is more efficient for analyzing larger-scale crises such as extensive flooding and regional landslides. Although spaceborne LiDAR offers lower spatial resolution, its global coverage, temporal repeatability, and very low end-user data cost make it a strategic tool for long-term hazard monitoring and environmental change analysis at the national scale. From a decision-making perspective, the findings show that hybrid platform strategies achieve the highest overall scores in most disaster scenarios. This result suggests that integrating spaceborne LiDAR for broad monitoring, airborne LiDAR for regional analysis, and UAV-based LiDAR for detailed local surveys provides the best balance among technical, economic, and operational criteria. Market projections further suggest that the LiDAR systems market will grow by approximately 12% over the next five years, reaching a market size of around USD 1 billion.
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