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Volume 15, Issue 3 (Autumn 2025)
Disaster Prev. Manag. Know. 2025, 15(3): 320-343 |
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Mousavi S S, Ebrahimian M, Najafi M, Delfan M, Fahmi H, Tazikeh M et al . Design and Validation of an HSE Evaluation Checklist for Urban Mass Gatherings: A Case Study in Tehran, Iran. Disaster Prev. Manag. Know. 2025; 15 (3) :320-343
URL: http://dpmk.ir/article-1-807-en.html
URL: http://dpmk.ir/article-1-807-en.html
Seyed Sajad Mousavi1 
, Mobin Ebrahimian2 , Mohammad Najafi3 , Mohammad Delfan4 , Hossein Fahmi5 , Masoumeh Tazikeh6 , Nafiseh Mirzahashemi7
, Mobin Ebrahimian2 , Mohammad Najafi3 , Mohammad Delfan4 , Hossein Fahmi5 , Masoumeh Tazikeh6 , Nafiseh Mirzahashemi7
1- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
2- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Industrial Safety Engineering, Caspian Institute of Higher Education, Qazvin, Iran.
4- Tabarestan Institute of Higher Education, Chaloos, Iran.
5- Department of Civil Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
6- University of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
7- Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Department of Industrial Safety Engineering, Caspian Institute of Higher Education, Qazvin, Iran.
4- Tabarestan Institute of Higher Education, Chaloos, Iran.
5- Department of Civil Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
6- University of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
7- Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract: (545 Views)
Background and Objective Considering the scale of mass gatherings in urban areas, systematic attention to health, safety, and environment (HSE) factors for these events has become important in urban governance. This study aimed to design and validate a tool for HSE evaluation in urban mass gatherings, tailored to the conditions of Tehran City, Iran.
Method Using a mixed-method approach (qualitative–quantitative), this research identified, categorized, and validated key indicators for assessing HSE in urban mass gatherings. Tool development was done by risk assessment, review of past events, opinions of experts, and field visits. The initial draft was tested in a pilot study for three selected mass gathering events in Tehran, Iran, and its psychometric properties (content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency) were evaluated.
Results The final version of the checklist included 14 operational indicators: 6 safety-related, 4 health-related, and 4 environmental indicators. It was found that 92% of the items had acceptable CVR (>0.62). The CVI for all items ranged from 0.80 to 1. The CVI average for the entire checklist was calculated to be 0.92, indicating an excellent content validity. Cronbach’s α coefficient was calculated to be 0.86 for the entire checklist, indicating a favorable internal consistency. Regarding its subscales, Cronbach’s α value was 0.83 for safety, 0.80 for health, and 0.78 for environment.
Conclusion The developed checklist is a valid and reliable tool for assessing HSE in urban mass gatherings. By focusing on neglected components and multidimensional risks, this checklist enables systematic analysis and targeted intervention from initial planning to implementation and collection. It can be used by urban management authorities, event organizers, and HSE researchers.
Method Using a mixed-method approach (qualitative–quantitative), this research identified, categorized, and validated key indicators for assessing HSE in urban mass gatherings. Tool development was done by risk assessment, review of past events, opinions of experts, and field visits. The initial draft was tested in a pilot study for three selected mass gathering events in Tehran, Iran, and its psychometric properties (content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency) were evaluated.
Results The final version of the checklist included 14 operational indicators: 6 safety-related, 4 health-related, and 4 environmental indicators. It was found that 92% of the items had acceptable CVR (>0.62). The CVI for all items ranged from 0.80 to 1. The CVI average for the entire checklist was calculated to be 0.92, indicating an excellent content validity. Cronbach’s α coefficient was calculated to be 0.86 for the entire checklist, indicating a favorable internal consistency. Regarding its subscales, Cronbach’s α value was 0.83 for safety, 0.80 for health, and 0.78 for environment.
Conclusion The developed checklist is a valid and reliable tool for assessing HSE in urban mass gatherings. By focusing on neglected components and multidimensional risks, this checklist enables systematic analysis and targeted intervention from initial planning to implementation and collection. It can be used by urban management authorities, event organizers, and HSE researchers.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/08/25 | Accepted: 2025/10/26 | ePublished: 2025/10/1
Received: 2025/08/25 | Accepted: 2025/10/26 | ePublished: 2025/10/1
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