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1- NDRI
Abstract: (11 Views)
The increasing frequency and intensity of natural disasters and complex crises have exposed deep structural inequalities, demonstrating that disaster impacts are unevenly distributed across social groups. Gender, as an institutional–social construct, plays a critical role in shaping patterns of vulnerability, access to resources, participation in decision-making, and resilience capacities. Despite the expansion of this literature, a significant gap remains between normative commitments and the institutionalization of gender-responsive policies in disaster governance. This study addresses this gap by developing a context-sensitive policy framework for Iran through a comparative analysis of ten countries, employing a Most Different Systems Design (MDSD). The analytical framework is a six-layered matrix model integrating theories of Fraser, Sen, Nussbaum, Gaventa, Norris, and Kingdon, enabling a multi-dimensional analysis of justice, power, capabilities, social resilience, and policy dynamics. Data were collected through global indices (GGI, HDI, INFORM, and DRI) and systematic qualitative coding of policy documents, with performance assessed using a standardized 0–4 rubric. The findings reveal that countries with structurally embedded gender-responsive resilience share five mutually reinforcing mechanisms: (1) legal–financial commitment through gender-responsive budgeting, (2) multi-level institutional participation of women, (3) capacity-building linked to institutional structures, (4) data-driven and accountable governance, and (5) crisis-induced policy learning. Building on these findings, the study proposes a localized policy model for Iran that translates these mechanisms into the domestic institutional context, thereby reducing the gap between normative commitments and implementation capacity in disaster governance. The results highlight that gender-responsive resilience can only be institutionalized through the simultaneous alignment of these mechanisms.
Keywords: Gender-responsive resilience, disaster risk reduction (DRR), disaster governance, comparative policy analysis, gender-responsive budgeting
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