1 2322-5955 Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization 695 Special Assessments of Land Subsidence in the Tehran Metropolitan Using Satellite Radar Interferometry Technique Nami Mohammad Hassan b Naderi Mehdi c b Department of Political Geography, Farabi University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. c Department of Remote Sensing (GIS), Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 1 9 2024 14 2 138 157 27 06 2024 04 08 2024 Background and objective Many cities in the world have land subsidence problems because of environmental issues related to urban development. The arid and semi-arid climatic conditions prevailing in most of the interior regions of Iran and the need for the increasing industrial, agricultural, and drinking water exploitation from underground water resources, as well as urban development, have increased the occurrence of land subsidence in Iran, especially in the metropolis of Tehran. This study aims to assess land subsidence in Tehran, Iran, using the satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) technique. Method In this research, 31 images of Sentinel-1 were processed using the time series of persistent scatter interferometry (PSI) in 2022, and a map of the average annual rate of land subsidence in Tehran metropolis was prepared. Finally, after validating the results of interferometry with GPS station observations, the relationship between land subsidence and exploitation of underground water resources was examined as the most important factor in ground surface changes in the study area. Results The findings showed a decreasing trend in land subsidence from plain to urban areas. The highest land subsidence, with a rate of -43 mm per year occurred in the southern and southwestern parts of Tehran.  Districts 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20, which comprise about 26% of Tehran’s population, were experiencing land subsidence. The drop in the water level of observation wells was considerable in the areas where the highest rate of land subsidence occurred. Another finding of the research was the decrease of the underground water level from the north to the south of Tehran, indicating that the water depth in the southern areas of Tehran decreased due to human activities such as water pumping. Conclusion There is an increasing pressure in the aquifer through pumping water from wells in the study area for various industrial, agricultural and drinking water uses which has led to the increase in the occurrence of land subsidence.  
668 Special Predicting the Magnitude of Possible Earthquakes in the Shahrood District of Khalkhal County, Ardabil, Iran, Using Artificial Neural Networks Esfandiari Darabad Fariba d Vahabzadeh Zargari Mehrdad e Nezafat Takle Behrouz f Abidi Hamlabad Sayeh g d Department of Geography (Geomorphology ), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. e Department of Geography (Geomorphology ), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. f Department of Geography (Geomorphology ), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. g Department of Geography (Geomorphology ), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. 1 9 2024 14 2 158 177 14 03 2024 09 06 2024 Background and objective Earthquakes are natural disasters that can cause high damage. Prediction of earthquakes is necessary to reduce damages, develop resistant infrastructure, and prevent the loss of life in human societies. This research aims to predict the magnitude of possible earthquakes in the Shahrood district of Khalkhal County using artificial neural networks (ANN).  Method A multi-layer perceptron neural network was used to predict earthquake magnitude.  Results The results showed that in the fault areas, especially the Kalur fault, earthquakes with a magnitude of 1-3 on the Richter scale are more likely to occur (70%). The likelihood of earthquakes with a magnitude of 4-6 on the Richter scale is moderate (26%) and the earthquakes with a magnitude of 7-10 on the Richter scale have a very low probability (4%). Conclusion In future studies, it is recommended to use machine learning models to better and more accurately predict earthquakes in the studied area.   663 Special Relationship of Work Safety Climate With Organizational Cynicism and Career Resilience of Firefighters Kheirdast Afrasiab h Demirchi Esmaeil Sadri i Padash Amin j Khodabandehlou Eslam Ali k Mohammadi Jahdi Zahra l h Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. i Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. j Center for Climate Change and Health Research (CCCHR), Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran. k Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Research Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. l Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 1 9 2024 14 2 178 191 26 02 2024 18 05 2024 Background and objective Work safety and organizational cynicism can affect career ‎resilience. The current study aims to predict the career resilience of firefighters based on the work safety climate and organizational cynicism. Method This is a correlational study ‎using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Participants were 300 people selected randomly from the personnel of 16 fire stations in Tehran and from among firefighters working in the Tehran Fire Department. We used three questionnaires, including the organizational cynicism scale, the Nordic safety climate questionnaire, and Morgan Lyon’s career resilience scale. Data were analyzed using SEM and regression analysis in AMOS software, version 24. Results The findings indicated a significant correlation between work safety climate, career resilience, and ‎organizational cynicism. The value of the maximum likelihood estimation statistic for the resulting SEM ‎model was 4673.97 (P<0.05), confirming the SEM model’s suitability. The results of analysis of variance showed that the work safety climate among firefighters was significantly different based on age, education level, and work experience. Conclusion The work safety climate among the firefighters in Tehran is not favorable . The lack of attention to firefighters’ perceptions of safety issues and the lack of attention to their livelihood and job promotion can create organizational cynicism among the personnel. There is a significant positive correlation between work safety climate and career resilience among firefighters. Thus, with the improvement of work safety conditions, the resilience of firefighters can be increased. Organizational cynicism has a negative relationship with the career resilience of firefighters. 675 Special Designing an Interpretative Structural Model of the Antecedents of Employees' Morally Courageous Behaviors in Pervasive Crises (Case Study: Kerman University of Medical Sciences) Taboli Hamid m Askari Bagherabadi Mahboobeh n Sheybani Elaheh o m Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, Tehran Branch, Payame Noor University, Tehran , Iran. n Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran. o Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, Kerman Branch, Payame Noor University, Kerman, Iran. 1 9 2024 14 2 192 207 04 04 2024 19 05 2024 Background and objective Moral courage is necessary to observe moral behavior when dealing with moral challenges raised at the time of crisis. The purpose of this study is to present an interpretive structural model (ISM) of the antecedents of moral courage during crises among the staff of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran.  Method This is a descriptive-analytical survey. After reviewing the literature and identifying the antecedents of moral courage, a questionnaire with semi-closed questions was designed and distributed among 18 managers and expert from the university, who were selected using non-probability purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed in MATLAB software, version 9 and MICMAC software, version 2.  Results Based on the findings, the antecedents included individual factors (self-esteem, personal values, moral model, personality type), managerial factors (leadership, criticism acceptance, honesty, leader-member exchange), organizational factors (organizational transparency, accountability, culture), and environmental factors (economic, cultural, political/legal).  Conclusion The results can help relevant authorities to plan and make appropriate decisions in this field. 656 Special The Structural Equation Modeling of the Relationship Between Insight and Crisis Management Mediated by Passive Defense: A Case Study of Isfahan Police Department, Iran Khalili Hossinabadi Sayyed Hassan p p Department of Curriculum Planning, Naja Institute of Law Enforcement Sciences and Social Studies, Support and Services Department, Isfahan, Iran. 1 9 2024 14 2 208 221 13 01 2024 21 05 2024 Background and objective Increasing insight, law enforcement knowledge, and using active and passive defense mechanisms have a significant role in crisis management, and many disasters can be solved with these mechanisms in the society. The current research aims to provide a structural equation modeling (SEM) of the relationship between insight and crisis management mediated by passive defense mechanism. Method This is a descriptive survey using SEM method. The study population consists of the employees of Isfahan police department (FAA) in Isfahan, Iran, who had participated in the provincial insight courses (n=240). The sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula. By using simple random sampling method, 148 eligible employees were selected, all of whom were second-level managers. The standard crisis management questionnaires of Jahanbakhsh et al. (2015), a researcher-made insight scale with 14 items, and a researcher-made questionnaire of passive defense with 30 items were used to collect data. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, correlation test, stepwise multiple regression analysis, and SEM were used in SPSS software, version 20 and Smart PLS software, version 3. Results The findings showed that insight and its components together with passive defense had a significant relationship with crisis management. The variable of passive defense also had a significant mediating role in the relationship between insight and crisis management. Conclusion increasing insight is one of the important factors in improving the quality of crisis management along with paying attention to the dimensions and components of passive defense. One of the strengths of this study was the attention to the hidden layers of crisis management in the performance of police missions. By understanding the concept of passive defense, the relationship between insight and crisis management can be understood and it can be used to prevent and deal with internal and external threats.   669 Special Spatial Pathology of Earthquake Management in Salas Babajani County, Kermanshah, Iran Heydari Saman Parizadi Taher Kamanroudi Kojouri Mousa Zanganeh Ahmad Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. 1 9 2024 14 2 222 237 19 03 2024 28 05 2024 Background and objective Human settlements are formed and developed in a specific natural environment. Social, political, cultural, and economic systems that govern the societies can affect residential spaces. Therefore, the special natural and human habitats cause the formation of special spaces, which require their own management system. After the earthquake on November 12, 2017, in Salas Babajani County, Kermanshah, Iran, whose epicenter was Ezgeleh district, the presence of natural areas in the county caused the crisis management in this region to face special problems. In addition, the sectoral and centralized management structure governing the country and thus the Salas Babajani County added to the complexity of these problems and caused the residents of this region to suffer a deep crisis. The aim of the current study is a spatial pathology of earthquake management in urban and rural settlements of Salas Babajani County.  Method This is a descriptive-analytical study. Data were collected using the documentary method and a researcher-made questionnaire. Participants were the residents of Salas Babajani County.  Results The findings showed that the earthquake management in the County has a high compliance with the centralized and sectoral management model. In addition, it was found that the crisis management in the four stages (prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery) was in an unfavorable situation. the highest weakness was in the prevention stage and the lowest weakness was related to the preparedness stage.  Conclusion Overall, the results showed that crisis management has worsened by moving away from the center towards the outskirts, especially towards the southwestern borders. In other words, by moving away from the political center of the County (Tazeh Abad district), the crisis management became very unfavorable. Also, it was found that the crisis management was greatly influenced by the spatial factors of elevation, land slope, transportation network, distribution of human settlements, and population density.   661 Special Designing a Temporary Camp for Accommodation After an Earthquake in a Multi-purpose Open Space Located in Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, Iran Ghaderi Mobin Ezatpoor Sadaf Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. Department of Post-traumatic Reconstruction, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 1 9 2024 14 2 238 257 15 02 2024 13 05 2024 Background and objective The current study focuses on the planning, management and design of a temporary accommodation camp as well as the design of a temporary shelter. The main goal is to present the physical model of a temporary accommodation camp in the football field of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, to be used after an earthquake, considering the physical and non-physical conditions of the district 1 and the existing infrastructure.  Method This is a descriptive-analytical survey study. Qualitative method and interviews with five experts, field observation, documents, and articles were used for collecting information.  Results Based on the findings of observations, interviews and the library information, the suitable space for the establishment of the accommodation complex in the university was identified and predicted, based on this, the description of the duties of the established bodies was stated. Then, according to the design priorities, temporary accommodation was designed and the production arrangements were determined to reduce the risk. Conclusion The results give an insight into the construction projects related to temporary accommodation and transportation in post-disaster conditions in Tehran, considering the economic, environmental and psychological conditions of the residents, and issues such as innovative locating, flexibility, coordinated planning and reusability and the use of social capital.