1 2322-5955 Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization 29 Special Managerial Requirements for local media organizations in natural disasters: Case study of Sahand TV in Arasbaran earthquake Salavatian Siavash b b IRIB University 1 3 2016 5 4 265 279 30 11 2015 10 02 2016 Background and objective: In our country, there are tens of provencial Radio and TV broadcasting networks that up to now, their capacities in disaster management are being neglected. In case of correct understanding of requirements, media directors can use local media potentials for coping with and responding to hazards of natural disasters. The goal of this study is to investigate managerial  requirements for the local media in the time of occurrence of natural disasters. Method: Sample population for this reseach were all the managers and staff of Sahand, radio and TV broadcasting network of East Azarbaihan who played a role in madia managemet of Arasbaran earthquake. Among them a 10 person group has been selected through targeted non random sampling method. By using in-depth interview method and qualitative coding of interviews with 10 persons of Sahand provincial TV and Radio programing agents and authorities as sample group, their experiences in disaster management of Arasbaran earthquake (Ahar and Varzagan) reviewed and data collected. Qualitative coding has been done for data analysis of interview.  Findings:  The findings of this dtudy led us to the triple roles of local media executives and managers in disaster management; the self - management in disaster roles, the management of disaster-stricken media and the management of disaster-stricken society. Also, based on these findings of the study the most important input channels to local media outlets, on the event of natural diastors, include; the perception of the media forces, the Provincial Disaster Management Committee, dispatching groups, people information and other resources. Received data and information, after processing in in the media, will be sent to casualties, national media, relief staff and other players in the field of disaster management. Conclusion: In comparison between national and local media effectiveness during disasters, local media play more efficient role due to being in the center of disasters. The local media can act efficiently during natural disasters so as its managers can efficiently observe the requirements of any of the above- mentioned triple roles. It was also noted that the flow of information, as the most vital element in a media organization , like the blood in the veins of these organizations, will face serious changes in such a situation and recognition of input and output channels to local media organizations can help managers for optimal operation in natural disaster management. 
36 Special Climate change detection using time series to manage environmental risks , Case study : Arak falahati fatemeh Barati Mohammad Javad Jazayeri Seyed Abbas 1 3 2016 5 4 280 285 14 12 2015 16 03 2016 Background and objective: Nowadays, global warming and climate change are of the most challenging issues in different ecosystems. So, the detection and prediction of variations of environmental factors especially climate change is a crucial and inevitable issue for national, regional and local plannings as well as long-term development plans. Precdiction of climate change in all the economic sectors will decrease costs and increase efficiency. This study aims is to detect possible changes in annual average temperatures in Arak and the related amounts of annual temperature in Arak stations for 50 years (1955-2005) have been reviewed. Method: In this research the method is applied method.  At first the time serie has drown in order to analyze and determine the sample statistics by using Minitab software. Then the stationary of the mean and variance reviewed by using the software to determine the type and model ,and at the end after the estimation of AR(1) parameter and the amount of remaining , the next 10 years situation is forecast by using the first 40 years data. Findings: Results of this research demonstrated that for the future 10 years, Arak temperature will have an increasing trend. It should be mentioned that short- term statistics (maximum for 5 years) of adjacent stations has been utilized for trend and model verification and it has been recognized that data processing for prediction of data has been done properly and correlation of actual values is approximately 95 percent.   Conclusion:It is clear that the regional planning and land use planning and environmental risk management will have a higher successful chances by considering the predicted temperature rise. 40 Special A Survey on Social Cohesion Impacts on Earthquake Disaster Management From Local Community viewpoint, Case Study: North Ozumdel,Varzgan County heidari sarban vakil f f faculty opf mohaghegh ardabili 1 3 2016 5 4 286 296 27 12 2015 13 02 2016 Background and objective: Undoubtedly, one of the devastative natural disasters that threatened human life along history and sometimes led to elimination of human civilization is earthquake. Earthquake may occur suddenly and at any time of year, day or night. The main characteristics of this natural event are being sudden and unpredictable and also, time shortage for reaction against it. The objective of this research is studying social cohesion impacts on earthquake disaster management from local community viewpoint who residing in Varzagan rural area.   Method: The method of present research was analytical –descriptive that has been done through qualitative techniques including Semi- Structured interview and Likert questionnaire. Data gathered from sample population residing in North Ozumdel.  For examining validity of questionnaire, pretest has been done and data gathered from 30 participants from similar region. Reliability of questionnaire was 0.74 to 0.84 based on the data collected and Alpha Cronbach formula. Data analysis has been done by SPSS software.  Findings: The results of this research demonstrated that impacts of social cohesion on earthquake disaster management in the afore said region is correlated with social coexistence, economic vitality, strengthening social communication, knowledge transfer, reinforcing self- esteem and social intervention and enhancing social interaction and vitality.  Conclusion: Result of data analysis showed that the most important impacts of earthquake in the said rural areas are four factors as strengthening social coexistence and economic vitality, reinforcing social communication and knowledge transfer, increasing self- esteem and social intervention and enhancing social interactions and vitality and that the variance and explained accumulated variance number is (75.5) according to said four factors. Finally, based on the results analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided. 41 Special Non-structural and functional vulnerabilities assessment of Imam Khomeini Hospital located in Songhor and Kolya’ee township, Kermanshah province Binesh Negin g Sedaghatjou Ali Morad h g University of Tehran h Kermanshah Applied-Science University 1 3 2016 5 4 297 307 13 01 2016 16 03 2016 Background: Health Centers, as the most involved organizations at the time of occurrence disasters, need to be considered more important than other parts of society from functional, structural and non-structural viewpoints. The objective of this research is identification of internal and external factors that affect non-structural and functional vulnerabilities of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Songhor township (Kermanshah province), and ranking them in order to determine the best strategy for reducing vulnerability against earthquake. Method: This is a descriptive-analytical survey research which applies AHP-SWOT hybrid method. First internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external ones (opportunities and threats) were recognized by using SWOT model, and then these factors were weighted and ranked through applying AHP method in order for the best strategy to be find. Data gathered through literature review, observation, interview with the staff and applying questionnaire among the personnel. Findings: According to the findings of this survey and the questionnaires distributed among the personnel in different sections of the hospital, several factors including warning system, drills, temporary housing facilities, staff training, and emergency evacuation were determined as the most important factors related to reducing vulnerabilities of the Hospital. About 95% of the respondents believed that an appropriate and effective warning system is necessary for hospital. 20% of the staff stated  that lack of training for  personnel for acting properly at the time of occurrence of earthquake, is the weak point of this hospital; while others mentioned problems related to “emergency evacuation in critical conditions” as the weak point. Conclusion: Data analysis and prioritizing defined criteria related to seismic vulnerability of the said hospital demonstrated that external opportunities and internal weak points gained the highest score among the main four factors. Finally WO strategy (with a final score of 0.39) ranked first and was chosen as the best strategy; which means that through utilization of available external opportunities, internal weak points  will be eliminated or reduced. In this way, seismic vulnerability of the hospital will be reduced as well. 42 Special Study of Seismic Vulnerability for Retrofitting Water Supply Network of Tehran District 11 Rahnama Reza Rasti Reza Hassani Nemat Ghiasvand Mustafa 1 3 2016 5 4 308 314 16 01 2016 24 02 2016 Background and objective: Lifelines in Iran, including the water supply, are not designed properly for coping with earthquake impacts. The history of these systems return back to about half a century ago, while the Lifeline Earthquake Engineering lasts no longer than about 3 decades. Therefore, lack of seismic design in water supply system of the country is inevitable. As a part of water supply system, buried pipes are vulnerable to ground motions, faults, passing through lands with landslide potentials and liquefactions. Based on this, it is necessary to forecast future performance of such structures during earthquakes occurrence. Tehran, as one of Iran's major cities, is located on an earthquake prone area with many active faults. Tehran 11 district is also very important district from exposure to earthquake hazards point of view. So, risk assessment and evaluating pipe lines performance in transforming and distributing water in the District 11 water supply network is of great importance. Method: With utilization of attenuation relations and Hasus probibilistic hazard assessment method and by using programming VBA in Excel and utilization of GIS software, damages to the said water supply network will be assessed.   Findings:The result shows that the there won't be many damages to the water supply network of District 11 of Tehran due to the Tehran north fault possible activities and only rigid pipes with small diameter will be damaged.    Conclusion: Referring to the afore said network analysis which is done based on Tehran north fault activity, it is determined that flexible big size pipes and also pipes with the same quality connections bear less damages. Results of this research can be used for prioritization in line with retrofitting of Tehran District 11 water supply network. 69 Special Disaster Informatics: Information Management as a Tool for Effective Disaster Risk Reduction Subedi Jishnu Sedighi Jila 1 3 2016 5 4 315 326 23 04 2016 23 04 2016 From risk identification to emergency response and recovery, information plays a vital role and the effective use of information is instrumental to reduce the impact of disasters. With the advancement of information and communication technology in the last few decades, lack of information is no longer a major issue for disaster risk reduction. The major issue, rather, is managing the information, translating it into a comprehensive knowledge for decision making and disseminating it to the communities at risk for action. The advancement of technology and reach of communication tools at a grassroots level have created an opportunity to increase effectiveness of disaster risk management with the optimum use of disaster informatics. This chapter presents an overview of disaster informatics, a conceptual framework for information management for disaster risk reduction, a review of existing approaches of information dissemination through the Internet and a review of the combined potential of Internet with tools which are widely available at grassroots levels.