1 2322-5955 Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization 270 Special Prioritizing and Identifying Strategies to Improve Tehran’s Transport Management in for the Post-Earthquake Crisis Situation Bahmani Akbar b Shahbazi Mehdi c b Assistant Professor of Public Administration, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran c PhD student of management , Islamic azad university,science and research branch,Tehran,iran 1 9 2019 9 3 238 229 27 03 2019 30 04 2019 Background and Objectives: Recent earthquakes in Tehran showed that the fear arising from that, immediately caused traffic jam which the most important consequence is delay in relief. The purpose of the present study is to prioritize and identify strategies to improve Tehran's transport management for post-earthquake crisis situations. Method: This is an applied study which has done through descriptive method. Statistical population of this study are experts in traffic, transportation and crisis management; experts in 1-Traffic Police of NAJA, 2- Deputy of Traffic and Transportation of Tehran Municipality, 3- Traffic and Transportation of Tehran Municipality, 4- Traffic and Transportation Committee(Preparedness Deputy), 5-Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization and numerous subsidiary agencies. The 80 individuals have been selected as statistical samples to fill the questionnaires through Cochran formula, then the collected data analyzed. Findings: SPSS software was used for data analysis. The results of data analysis confirmed all the research hypotheses; the effective elements on urban traffic resolution are management styles (0.72 coefficients), financial and physical resources (0.69 coefficients), human behavior (0.51 coefficients) and and trained forces (0.51 coefficient). The results show as well management styles play the significant role in solving urban traffic after earthquake. Conclusion: The results show that choosing experienced managers, training communicative, psychological and decision-making skills as well as the allocation of appropriate financial resources to prepare the infrastructure and standard equipment to confront with the crisis can be largely reduced traffic crisis caused by the earthquake.    
277 Special A Comparative Study of Local and Reconstructed Rural Post-disaster Housing Case study: Layavol Oliya after the 1989 Manjil-Rudbar earthquake Sharghi Ali d Asadi Saeedeh e Ghaemmaghami Sepideh f d Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran. e Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran. f Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 1 9 2019 9 3 252 239 01 04 2019 05 05 2019 Background and objectives: The earthquake is one of the serious threats in the present era, which disrupts local resources of rural communities. After the Manjil-Rudbar earthquake in June 21, 1989, many villages merged and displaced due to the vast damages. According to the adopted policies, Liyavol Oliya was one of these villages that displaced and merged with three other villages in an area called Chahar-Mahal. The displacement and integration caused changes in physical, typology and functions of habitation and subsequently the lifestyle and livelihoods of the residents. The purpose of this study is to determine changes in habitations as a result of displacement and integration of Liyavol village as well as changes in design, structure, spatial organization and types of reconstructed houses in comparison with local houses, 29 years after the earthquake. Method: Two approaches have been adopted to understand changes in these two types of housing. Initially, 4 local and 4 reconstructed houses (together with extensions and modifications made to the present) were field-documented in the aspects of form, typology and spatial organization. In addition, a semi-structured interview was conducted with residents of Liyavol-e-Jadid about housing extensions and its causes to get a brief overview of the history of reconstructed housing changes to date and how different spatial layers form, and its functions and layout. Findings: According to the findings, reconstructed houses have been altered in design and physical featured for materials, incorporation of new living spaces, different and variables definitions of privacy and security, construction technology and architectural elements such as roof and facade in comparison with local houses. As well as, some changes are observed in these two types because of the changes in land and housing dimensions, housing proportions, land and living spaces, flexibility of spaces, spatial priorities and distribution of rural housing, from the aspect of spatial organization. From the aspect of housing typology, changes in housing orientation can also be attributed to geo-climatic issues, climatic adaptation of housing, and reduction in the number of floors as well as the elevation from ground, and the reduction the impact of natural-environmental factors. Conclusion: It seems that, as the reduction of the physical vulnerability of Liyavol village to future disasters is considered to be one of the main criteria for reconstruction, considering the socio-psychological, cultural, livelihood and geographical-climatic factors affecting the typology, design and spatial organization and structure of rural housing have been neglected in this reconstruction. It must be acknowledged that just reconstruction of the houses through a native approach will not lead to success or public acceptance. Therefore, study the characteristics of remained local houses from the earthquake of 1989, changes, adaptations, and how current permanent housing is formed, as well as identification of the positive, negative and common and different aspects between them, may result to form optimal plans in deciding and implantations of future housing in this village.     284 Special Analytical study of seismic durability and its destructive effects on structures and distribution of accelerated seismic durability of Iran Rezaeimanesh Mansoureh g Saffari Hamid h g Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering h Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering 1 9 2019 9 3 266 253 17 04 2019 30 05 2019 Background and objective: Experience with past earthquakes and numerical analysis confirms that the durability of strong earth motion, significantly can affect the amount of failure of civil engineering systems. However, if the durability is related to a parameter which describes the intensity of the earth's motion, such as maximum velocity or maximum acceleration or spectral acceleration, then it may help to better prediction of damages for engineering purposes. Method: In this study, different types of seismic durations were first defined. Then the effects of earthquake durability on structural damages were studied and the damages caused by significant durability earthquakes on reinforced concrete structures were investigated. In order to study the durability of earthquakes in Iran, accelerometer records were first extracted with moment magnitudes greater than or equal to 5 and the other characteristics such as distance from fault, mean shear wave velocity to 30m depth, and fault mechanism inserted in catalog. Findings: In this study, two interval and uniform durations were calculated at 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 degrees of gravity acceleration; and then Iran’s variance diagram data drew by using calculated duration and the durability was discussed at different acceleration thresholds. Studies indicate the sensitivity and vulnerability of concrete structures, and especially the flexural frame system in high-impact earthquakes, while the design is not addressed so sufficient; consideration is required in design regulations. Conclusion: Durability relation can be based on valid external or internal connections. This means that during analyzing earthquake risk, considering the characteristics of seismic sources around the site, not only the acceleration but also the earthquake durability potential can be estimated either, and it is useful in structural calculations especially bent concrete structures to reduce damages. 276 Special Proposing the simplified model for choosing the method of retrofitting in existing structures against fire risk Pirizadeh Mahboobeh i Aboutalebi Mohammad j Massoudi Mohammad-Sajjad k i Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran j Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch k Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran 1 9 2019 9 3 276 267 29 04 2019 08 06 2019 Background and objective: According to the necessities in the part 3 of National Building Regulations, design and construction of buildings should be in a way that the structures, according to the type of use, the size and the number of floors, resist long enough to fire, and prevent from destruction of buildings or from spread of fire to adjacent spaces or buildings. For this purpose, it is necessary to provide the regulations necessities based on the level of fire protection in designing whole structural elements in newly build constructions, and control the performance of these elements in all existing buildings in the country. Method: As fire safety actions necessities in the part 3 of the National Building Regulations are presented in qualitative terms and the existing technical guidelines in the field of structural reinforcement of buildings to fire protections are mainly in line with the architectural design approach, therefore, presenting an integrated and flexible decision model based on the basics of the part 3 of the National Building Regulations and on the basis of a review of the technical research carried out on the structural reinforcement methods of existing buildings for possible fire scenarios can be applied to the building reinforcement plans to fire. Findings: In this paper, based on categorization of the possible types of occupation in buildings use in the country, a rapid decision-making model presented to evaluate the building structural vulnerability against fire and deciding to choose the best strategy for structural reinforcement method considering type of occupation and application, size and number of floors, and kind of materials of structural load system. Results: An algorithm based on a simplified decision model based on the integration of existing regulations with the results of laboratory and analytical studies can be used to quickly estimate the structural and non-structural protection of closed building spaces in the country and to facilitate the process of retrofitting vulnerable spaces in order to ensure adequate time for fire-fighting and preventing from destruction of buildings or from spread of fire to adjacent spaces or buildings.  289 Special Assessment of Non-Physical Vulnerability at the Neighborhood Scale after Post-Earthquake Reconstruction Experience with a Qualitative Approach (Case study: Qodqoon neighborhood in Boroujerd) Hosseini Ali l Omidvari Farshideh m l Master of Civil and Architecture, Instructor in Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran m Master of Civil and Architecture, Instructor in Architecture Department, Karoon Hight Education Center, Ahvaz, Iran 1 9 2019 9 3 292 277 05 05 2019 10 06 2019 Background and objective: The process of post-disaster reconstruction in developing societies has a high tendency for micro-scale physical renovation. This tendency, that ignore the non-physical issues, originate from the lack of large-scale planning expertise, the lack of social participation mechanisms and the political considerations that govern these countries that do not reduce vulnerability and in many cases will increase it instead. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the reduction of non-physical vulnerability of Qodqun neighborhood in Boroujerd in the post-earthquake reconstruction process in April 2006, according to the indicators and criteria for earthquake vulnerability reduction. Method: This is a descriptive and qualitative study through documentary study. The indices were extracted and then sub-indices evaluated through AHP method and weighting them; providing maps in GIS environment consider these indices in the neighborhood. Findings: The studied non-physical indices are classified into management, universal, urban guidance documents, service provision, demographic, social readiness, economic and research. The earthquake of 2006 Boroujerd, the opportunity for proper reconstruction to reduce vulnerability in Qodqun neighborhood during a 12-year inaccurate reconstruction process showed increased vulnerability in 5 of the mentioned indices and resulted in fixed vulnerability in the other three categories. Conclusion: The results show that the number of non-physical vulnerability in the neighborhood was 4.473 out of 5, which represents a very inappropriate situation for future disasters. The result is that the process of reconstruction of Qodqun neighborhood, based on just physical indices, did not reduce the vulnerability of the neighborhood in all its components, but also increased the vulnerability. 268 Special Evaluation of the Effective Factors on Increasing the Risk of Damages to Urban Buildings in Post-earthquake Fire Crisis by AHP Method Ghouchani Mahya n Taji Mohammad o Darbaniyan Mojtaba p n Senior Advisor Architectural Engineering, Intelligent Decision Research Group, Tehran, Iran. o Assistant Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran. p Master of Science in Civil Engineering Department of Intelligent Decision Making, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran. 1 9 2019 9 3 306 293 10 05 2019 12 06 2019 Background and Objectives: Earthquake can be the source of many secondary disasters. Fire is one of the most important secondary hazards after the earthquake. In some cases, post-earthquake fires, in urban areas, may cause far more severe damages than the earthquake itself. After the earthquake, the risk of fire is greatly increased due to the existence of sources of fire, such as arteries of gas and electricity, with the possible presence of gas storage or distribution stations. On the other hand, the general conditions of the around urban environment may play a very important role in fire behavior. Method: In this study, by using descriptive-analytical research method, in order to determine the evaluation of post-disaster fire risk, among the various available methods in this field, the effective criteria and sub-criteria on the post-earthquake fire and vulnerability of urban areas were extracted. These criteria included four main criteria of access, structures, methods of confronting, and risk factors, so, each has sub-criteria. These sub-criteria were then prioritized by the expert group using paired comparison method. At the end, in order to study the impact of structural material on the vulnerability, the phenomenon of post-earthquake fire in the steel building is modeled and analyzed. Finding: The structural index increases the risk of post-earthquake fire in buildings. The extent of the fire does not have a significant effect on the structures that have fire-proof cover on their columns, and the type of damages depends on the characteristics and resistance of the beam to the fire. In non-fire-proof construction, the fire scenario will have a significant impact on the structure’s overall behavior. As the fire spreads, the whole function of construction will be disrupted and will not withstand the loads. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that in order to assess the risk of fire caused by earthquake, structural criteria, number of urban main gas valves and structural height have the most significant role to be considered. In the case of failure or not considering any of the above criteria, the accident may extend and fatalities and loses will increase. It is also recommended to use fire-proof covers on the pillars to reinforce existing buildings after the earthquake due to economic and technical constraints. 285 Special The Study of the Performance of Bam Educational Managers in the 2003 Bam Earthquake Aliasghari Minoo Mahram Behrooz Saeedy Rezvani Mahmood MA in Educational Administration, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Associate professor, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Associate professor, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 1 9 2019 9 3 318 307 27 05 2019 01 07 2019 Background and objectives: Iran is an earthquake-prone country that has faced numerous crises in recent decades. The main purpose of this study is to consider the performance of educational managers to confront with the 2003 Bam earthquake crisis. This paper is an applied study. Method: This paper is a historical study with a qualitative approach. Various sources, including educational managers, photographs, correspondence, reports in books and scientific journals were used to collect the data. All references were first-hand and internal criticism was made to ensure the authenticity of the sources. To analyze the data, the collected information in each of the data logs was read and coded. Results: Managers were not prepared enough to confront with the crisis and the performance of educational managers is not desirable. The educational managers have not enough skills and knowledge to confront with crisis situations and to prepare teachers and students in such situations, as well as decisions for the post-crisis activities made individually which were opposed to international organizations’ guidelines. Conclusion: As Iran is a prone-earthquake country, so it is necessary to consider the confronting with the crisis seriously in all organizations and administrations; and it is more important in education organization which have wide range of teachers and students.