1 2322-5955 Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization 30 Special Planning for Flood Risk Reduction by Using GIS Technique in Tehran Province aslani fereshteh b mehdipour haleh c b Shahid beheshti university c Shahid Beheshti 1 12 2015 5 3 173 185 30 11 2015 08 02 2016 Background and objective: Based on natural geography of Iran, the lack of paying attention to the effects caused by floods can have irreparable damages to lives and properties. It seems that one of the most challenging issues is rain-induced flooding. The study of flood in Tehran is essential. In other words, the position of Tehran on the slopes and existence of flood plains cause rain- induced flood becomes one of a major concern almost in all seasons. Method: This is an analytical-descriptive research. In this regard, required plans were prepared in GIS software and data have been collected through the study of documents, books, essays and articles. In another part of research, 3 major maps such as hazard map, vulnerability map and disaster map were prepared and analyzed. Findings: Results show that wrong locating, neglect to river routes and settlement in flood zones causes that rain- induced flood become a major threat. Unfortunately, according to population density in Tehran, risk of flooding due to rainfall, is an important threat. Conclusion: Thus, planning and policies about land allocation in river zones should consider risk maps and the damages of outburst. Also, development of settlements and any construction activity require knowing about hazard zones and the threats of rivers.
44 Special Design Basics for Shelter After Disaster with Focus on Production and consumption of Energy in Smart Cities; Case Study:Bushehr Gamini Esfahani Hedyeh d Faraji Jalal e d Shahid beheshty university e Shahid beheshty university 1 12 2015 5 3 186 201 23 01 2016 20 02 2016 Background and Purpose: Today there are a world -wide efforts to reduce the consumption of   Fossil Fuels. In recent years, designing issues and developing smart cities with the approach of sustainable building has been introduced. This article propose to build the smart city after disasters in the case of reconstruction with the viewpoint of development, and also consider sustainable architecture and usage of renewal energy resources. Method: In this article, it is assumed that in the city of Bushehr a disaster has been occurred and almost all of the critical infrastructure of the city destroyed. Therefore, it is suggested to rebuild the city based on the idea of smart city. Try to rely on sustainable architecture approach in the construction of smart cutie’s energy, renewal energy resources and technologies, in the process of reconstruction.in this regard a smart grid electricity for the area of Bushehr is designed and developed a variety of sources of energy supply and is economically evaluated. Findings: This article by referring to the objectives of the smart cities clears the role of smart homes in the phase of reconstruction and also examine the sustainable architecture as the part of smart cities that are built after disasters in. In this regard, smart cities can be built, after or pre-disaster to prevent damaging critical infrastructure and the most important of them urban electricity network.The result of this study is to improve the use of resources of energy production in Bushehr's building with sustainable architecture approach. Conclusion: It seems that one of the best and most practical solutions after or pre-disaster is planning to have smart cities with sustainable architecture. Therefore, solving these problems requires good management and correct connection of modern architecture and traditional and combines them with renewable energy. 35 Special Architectural and Urban Planning Measures for Vulnerability Reduction Against Tsunami, 2011 Japan Tsunami Case study Shadifar Ghazaleh 1 12 2015 5 3 202 209 14 12 2015 22 02 2016 Background and objective: Tsunami is a rare phenomenon; however it might cause immeasurable damage. Tsunami is inevitable and couldn’t be prevented, but there are some tasks to reduce the risk and preparing to face it. The aim of this project is to review the architectural and urban planning measures and ideas toward this horrible hazard. The japan is chosen for the case study knowing that it is pioneer and has done lots of actions against the tsunami. Method: This study reviews documents, literature and written texts and also the internet database in the field of vulnerability reduction and dealing with tsunamis. The procedure of the research starts with gathering a lot of information proceeding by concentrating on the architectural and urban planning strategies. Findings: The results of this research are classified in three categories: The first category is the architectural solution, the second category is urban planning solution and the latter is proposed ideas. Conclusion: In order to reduce the hazardous effects of tsunami, in one hand technical solutions should be applied, on the other hand disaster management, also planning to face secondary incidents is required. Appropriate strategies lead to risk reduction and increasing preparedness in societies against tsunami. In this research the main focus is on architectural and urban planning strategies. KEYWORDS: Risk reduction against tsunami, Post disaster Reconstruction, Architectural and Urban Planning strategies, Tsunami, Disaster management. 24 Special Physical recovery plan for a possible earthquake in Tehran and Alborz province, (vulnerability reduction and preparation) Doosti Afsaneh g mohtat niloofar h asadian zargar naimeh i g Shahid beheshti university h Shahid beheshti university i Shahid beheshti university 1 12 2015 5 3 210 220 28 10 2015 16 03 2016 Background and objective: An earthquake in Tehran and Alborz province will cause heavy human and economic losses and allocating large amounts of resources and rehabilitation activities in recovery phase. Hence it is necessary to prepare, identify vulnerabilities and plan pre-disaster. The present article tries to identify the internal and external factors affecting physical vulnerability and introduce appropriate strategies before and after the disaster for reconstruction phase. Method: This is an analytical - descriptive study. For the purpose of the paper, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of vulnerability reduction and preparation plan were identified and analyzed through assessment of the current situation, the national and local documents and producing risk and vulnerability maps. Based on the SWOT analysis, strategies were made. In this article needed maps is made in ArcGIS software. Findings: Risk map of Tehran and Alborz province shows that 12% of the area is located in high and very high risk zone (city of Tehran, Karaj and shemiranat). Results showed that opportunities such as People's tendency to buy second homes in the suburbs, the possibility of change in physical structure due to the authorities' awareness of the effects of the earthquake and Special situation in the country create major capacities for achieving the goals of preparation plan. Meanwhile, asset accumulation and low readiness of organizations to respond disasters are major obstacles to its realization. Conclusion: Reconstruction is an opportunity to plan for the future and preservation of past.  The adverse impacts of earthquake can be reduced by physical preparation plan. 34 Special Build Back Better: Strategic approach to post-disaster reconstruction as an opportunity for development khorshidian abdolmajid j j Shahid Beheshti University 1 12 2015 5 3 221 236 13 12 2015 16 03 2016 Background and Objective: One of the strategies of post-disaster recovery programs has been taking advantage of the opportunity to enhance the community physical, social, economic and environmental resiliency. This strategy is known as the concept of “Build Back Better” after the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and refers the need to improve the conditions of affected communities in the recovery process. Method: This study aims to build a practical framework for the concept of “build back better” after disaster, explains it through analyzing the concepts of recovery, vulnerability and resiliency. Therefore, it reviews the existing guidelines in related studies for extraction and classification the “BBB” principles. The In this study the library studies were used as a research tolls and the thematic analysis was used as a method of analysis. Findings: 9 principles on the concept of “build back better” were extracted by analyzing the existing guidelines and were classified in the form of three main categories of risk reduction, community recovery, and implementation. These principles and categories can be used to establish a comprehensive framework to “build back better” to provide solutions for complex situations after disasters. Conclusion: This study investigated the existing guidelines in the field of “BBB” and tried to create a comprehensive framework through the integration of existing comments and create commonalities between them. This framework includes 3 categories and 9 sub-categories. Main categories are risk reduction, community recovery, and implementation; sub-categories include estimation of future disaster risk, enhancing the building codes and construction technology, land use planning, community consultation and participation, social recovery, economic recovery, organisational design, legal consideration, management of knowledge and resources. Finally emphasis is, according to the different circumstances of communities, implementing the above-mentioned principles is facing to limitations such as affordability, time constraints, and local traditions. Therefore the coping solutions must be examined to make possible these principles. 37 Special “management of unexpected accidents in the subway of Razavi holy shrine” Fallahi Alireza k Hashemian Atefeh Sadat l k Shahid Beheshti University l --- 1 12 2015 5 3 237 253 18 12 2015 16 03 2016 Background and objective  Razavi holy shrine is one of the biggest places of worship in the world which guests thousands of pilgrims daily and it’s physical, social and spiritual conditions have made it vulnerable to even slight accidents with un-compensable consequences. One section of the shrine which is especially amenable to any unexpected situation is the subway which needs special attention and prompts observation to design proper plan for crisis management and casualty reduction approaches. Introduction As the Razavi shrine is among the biggest holy places in the world and many pilgrims visit this holy place every day, related physical, social and running situation has made it exposed to even minor accidents with catastrophic consequences. These special conditions warrant proper planning for disaster management.  Methodology and Approaches                                                                                                       The research method is qualitative and needed information were gathered based on inspection. We also searched related official documents about Razavi shrine and interviewed managers, employees, pilgrims and service providers of Razavi shrine to understand and analyze the weak points and obtain proper solution to these problems through SWOT method. Having found frail and strength points and using analytical SWOT method, helped us to evaluate current situation and proposing decisive solutions. Finding Our findings in this study suggest that physical properties of the holy shrine should correspond to pilgrims' social behaviors as well as their reaction in different situations. Also software and hardware controlling facilities are needed to reduce casualties in any unwanted and chaotic condition. Conclusions Our results suggest that employing convenient disaster management systems beside appropriate physical characteristics -that should be in  concordance with pilgrims’ habits-  play the main role in reducing casualties in emergency situations.