1 2322-5955 Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization 213 Special Resilience of News Organizations in Natural Crises:" Conscious Alive Humane" Metaphor Ghanbary Saeid b Salavatian Siavash c Kia Ali Asghar d b Master of Media Management., Allameh Tabataba'i University c Assistant Professor of Media Management, Faculty of Communication and Media, IRIB University d Professor, Faculty of Communication Sciences, Allameh Tabatab’i University 1 1 2019 8 4 321 338 28 04 2018 13 06 2018 Background and objectives: Natural disasters are including the risks that may change to a crisis. Happening of the crises around a news organization may cause crises in the organizations and will frustrate their social responsibilities; thus, this article presents a new concept of resilience of news organizations in natural disasters. Method: The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytic and the required data have been collected by documentary-library studies of  resources and databases in the field of organizational resilience. Fundings and Results: The organizational resilience of news media organizations in natural disasters has been neglected in our country, and this is rooted in the lack of belief of media managers in their social responsibility; so, the resilience in such organizations should be taken into consideration. The necessities of addressing such an issue is recognition of organizational resilience as an organization's strategy, the existence of a program of resilience in the organization and continuous assessment of the resilience of the organization, which will provide them with forward-looking resilience, coherent resilience, and retrospective resilience to such organizations.
218 Special The role of logistics in crisis management (Case study: Kermanshah earthquakes) Ahmadvand Mohammad e Azad Naser f e PhD candidate, Faculty of Management, Islamic Aazd University, Tehran South Branch f Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management, Islamic Aazd University, Tehran South Branch 1 1 2019 8 4 339 348 08 05 2018 15 06 2018 Background and objective: During the past years, some areas of the country have been affected by environmental crises such as floods and earthquakes. The large numbers and the extent of destruction have increased the necessity of proper crisis management and coherence among management factors. Logistics and its management is one of the most important factors. This research considers the importance and position of logistics management during a crisis and provides appropriate strategies in this regard. The main objective of this research is to study theoretical literature on describing common methods and research perspectives on logistics management in times of crisis; and also provides directions and perspectives for future studies in the field of logistics management during the crisis. The domain of this research is defined as 7.2 Richter scale earthquakes in Kermanshah in November 2017. Method: The methodology of this study is a descriptive (qualitative) research by collecting data as a functional purpose. Interviews, collaborative observations, documentation, questionnaire and etc. are used as qualitative data to better understanding and explaining social complex phenomena. The emergence of qualitative research relates to a human factor. Findings: The studies and analysis of the interviews showed that logistics in the field of crisis management, especially for earthquakes, has a significant role; because of this outstanding role in the earthquake crisis, logistics may have a significant impact on the success of crisis management measures. Results: Accordingly, logistical measures in crises such as earthquakes includes activities such as equipment supply, warehousing and maintenance, fleet management, tools and materials and individuals transportation’s management, asset management, facility management, security, information and management and communications. 221 Special Robust optimal disaster relief logistics planning using a bi-objective robust scenario-based stochastic programming model and augmented epsilon constraint method Papi Ali g Pishvaee Mirsaman h Jabarzadeh Armin i g M.Sc., Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology h Associate Professor, Faculty of Industrial Engineering , Iran University of Science and Technology i Associate Professor, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology 1 1 2019 8 4 349 364 18 05 2018 20 06 2018 Background and Objective: Disaster relief logistics planning decisions can be divided into two categories: strategic decisions before the crisis and operational decisions during and after the crisis. This paper studies the strategic issues and some operational issues related to disaster relief logistics, including locating relief depots and determining the capacity/size, storage rates for relief supplies in warehouses, locating relief distribution centers after occurrence of crises, the allocation of warehouses to them, and finally, how to cover the damaged areas which demand the relief goods and simultaneously modeling and solve problems.  Method: Modeling and problem solving is done using the bi-objective robust scenario-based stochastic programming approach in which both the humanitarian objective of minimizing the maximum shortage and the economic goal of minimizing the average cost of relief is considered under possible scenarios. Thus, the best balance between economic and humanitarian objectives is achieved using the perfect epsilon-constraint method. The GAMS software has been used to implement the proposed model. Findings: The numerical results of the proposed model of this study indicates that the approach can be used to solve the problem of disaster Relief logistic planning, since, it shows acceptable performance in terms of criteria such as average costs and deficiencies, and also the maximum deficit under various scenarios. The proposed bi-objective robust model controls the uncertainty of parameters such as relief goods’ demand more efficiently than other approaches. Results: Using proposed decision models, crisis managers in a country or provinces can make optimal strategic decisions regarding location and inventory of relief warehouses, distribution of relief goods and etc… before the disaster. . As a result, it will save not only the cost of relief, but also accelerates the relief efforts and minimizes the lack of casualties. 223 General Evaluation, prioritization and risk management in Excavation projects Ebadati Mohammad j Barmayehvar Behnod k j Department of Civil Engineering, Rodehen Branch of Islamic Azad University, Iran k Assistant Professor and Faculty member, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Honar University, Tehran, Iran 1 1 2019 8 4 365 372 06 06 2018 11 07 2018 Background and objective: Excavation projects have many economic, social and environmental consequences due to the importance and complexity of the operation and the lack of suitable legal structures for controlling such projects. The lack of proper implementation of such projects annually has resulted in many human and financial damages due to the collapse of the projects. By investigating the occurrence of constructional incidents over the past decade, the excavation phase has caused the most damages to the project. This has made it very important to consider the safety, technical, and operational risks of these projects. Method: This study tries to optimize and prioritize the risk considering the applied methods in excavation and identifying and studying the risks and analyze them using experts’ point of views and multi-criteria decision making method.  Findings: The main risks involved in excavation projects related to the soil condition, dynamic loads around the excavation and the inherent stability of the neighborhoods. Several studies have shown that neglecting condition of soil and surrounding environments have a significant impact on incidents and reduce safety in excavation projects, which leads to significant human and financial losses. Results: Considering the involved risks that each of them may cause unwanted costs to project managers, there are different weights for all various risks which magnitude of each weight indicates its high importance. The higher the weight of each risk is the greater the consequences of the incident and the higher costs to the project managers. Therefore, an appropriate prioritization can be made for allocating budget for the safety of projects, taking into account their cost-effectiveness. 224 Special Earthquake risk assessment in northwestern Tehran using Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP), case study: 22nd District Soltanpour Hedieh l ZarĂ© Mehdi m Moghimi Ebrahim n Jafarbiglo Mansour o l Master of Natural Hazards, University of Tehran, , Tehran, Iran m Professor, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, IIEES, Tehran, Iran n Professor, University of Tehran, Faculty of Geography, Tehran, Iran o Associate Professor, University of Tehran, Faculty of Geography, Tehran, Iran 1 1 2019 8 4 373 386 07 06 2018 21 07 2018 Back ground and objective: The 22nd district of Tehran in northwestern is subjected to earthquakes risk; a population more than 128000 people, crossing the north fault from its north area and also recent development and constructions, especially tall buildings, increase the risk. The objective of this study is to assess the physical vulnerability of the 9 main criteria along with its sub-criteria in the region, and then estimate the population of the region, and finally analyze the risks in the region according to the global risk assessment formula (risk × vulnerability × population) (UNISDR, 2009). Method: In this study the AHP hierarchical model have used to prepare the earthquake risk map, and also a questionnaire have made in order to use urban planners, structure engineers and seismologists point of views, and Expert choice software is also used measure the final weights of criteria and sub criteria. Then, by using the available pre-prepared earthquake risk analysis (PGA) map (by Dr. Mehdi Zare) ,preparing a  population density map and an earthquake hazard map for the study area, and multiplying them to the physical vulnerability map in GIS software, the earthquake risk for Tehran’s northwest district (district No. 22) was measured. Findings: The study shows that the highest vulnerability and risk of earthquake hazards are in the east and northeast of the region, which are older than the other parts of the region and are located in the fault zone, and then some parts of the north and the townships in the west and south of the region are among the most dangerous. Conclusion:  Considering the vulnerability and risk and the population in this area indicates that the risk of earthquake is consistent with the demographic in the region, and the risk decrease in areas with lower population density. Therefore, controlling population and constructions in the region has high credibility in reducing risk. 226 General Necessities of Using the Social Media in Medical Crisis Management Sharifee Mahdi p Nematollahzadeh Shima Labafi Somayeh p Assistant Professor of Media Management, University of Tehran, Iran Assistant Professor of Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and technology(IranDoc) 1 1 2019 8 4 387 400 13 06 2018 24 07 2018 Background and objective: Specific requirements should be considered in the use of social media in medical crisis managment. The purpose of this research is to identify the requirements for using social media in medical crises managment. Method: The method of this research is analyzing the documentary. In this study, some documents were analyzed, including the final report of the EU research project on the role of social media in crisis management. To enhance the validity of the data, the themes were referred to two experts in this field and rewritten after feedback. Findings After analyzing the data by the theme analysis method, 2 main themes and 7 sub themes were obtained. The main themes include "awareness and empowerment of citizens to protect themselves and help others through social media" and "the necessity of perfect social media management by managers." Among the sub-themes are "commitment to ethical, legal and social issues, and responsible action" and "to ensure the correct receipt of information by individuals." Conclusion: In this study the identified requirements in each phase of the crisis can be considered for the prevention and resolution of medical crises. According to the findings, awareness and empowerment of citizens are among necessities for the pre-crisis phase; social media observation is required for the crisis phase, and using social media is a necessity for creating a post-crisis recovery resources requirements. 253 Special Provide strategic plans to manage the desertification crisis using futures Studies Feyzi Koushki Fateme Akbari Morteza Memarian Hadi Azami rad Mahmood MSc student of management of arid and desert areas, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Assistant Professor, Department of Desert Area Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Assistant Professor, Head of Kashmar High Education Institute of Khorasan Razavi Province. Ph.D. Consultant Manager in Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Khorasan Razavi 1 1 2019 8 4 401 414 01 07 2018 02 08 2018 Background and objective: in order to prioritize the management plans of desertification based on the scenario studies to manage the desertification hazard in Razavi Khorasan province, research and gathering information is used through targeted questionnaires or a view of the formation of expert groups. Method: in this regard, based on the research criteria (determination of Uncertainty) within the framework of a closed and objective questionnaire using the Delphi method, experts were identified and experts were distributed. In the following, we used 6 stages to perform the scenario planning. Findings: the results showed that based on the results of the first phase of Delphi, in the first stage of analysis and analysis of the questionnaires, it was explained: climate criteria, water, human activities, vegetation, agricultural, soil criteria, soil, and finally erosion criteria. The first factor and the strongest factor in the first stage is the climatic factor. The criteria that were obtained in the final stage of the Delphi process from analysis and analysis of the questionnaires are: criteria of human activities, climate criteria, water criteria, Economy - social criteria, vegetation criteria, soil criteria, soil criteria, and soil erosion criteria. In the final stage, human activities and climatic factors play a role. Since these two factors have the greatest impact on this field as experts in this field, most are analyzed and analyzed. Conclusion: The basic guidelines in these two areas can be referred to the management of human factors in both sectors, which will take action by applying new technologies and using efficient people and public education to reduce the impacts of this risk.