1 2322-5955 Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization 167 Special Process of defining a perspective for earthquake zone districts Case study: Khaj-e-Morad quarter after Bam earthquake 2003 Aslani Fereshteh b Mousavian Fatemehsadat c b major in Earthquake Engineering, IIEES, Tehran, Iran c major in post-disaster reconstruction, faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, SBU, Tehran, Iran 1 4 2018 8 1 9 15 30 08 2017 17 10 2017 Background and objective: Defining the perspective for cities and districts consider as the heart of urbanism. So, in the current situation, defining a perspective is not a “choice” any more it become a “necessity”. This paper, define a perspective to Khaj-e-Morad quarter by using the Oregon model. Oregon model is a four-step process based on simple questions as below: where we are now? Where we are going? Where we want to be? How to get there? Method: To define a perspective for Khaj-e-Morad quarter, 10 years after earthquake 2003, fieldwork have been done in Bam, visiting the neighborhood, its situation after reconstruction, updating maps, taking pictures and interviews with people of the neighborhood. Findings: The study process is as below: understanding the concepts such as perspective and district planning framework (theoretical basis), recognizing studied district (Khaj-e-Morad quarter in Bam), reconstruction’s assessment, recognizing the neighborhood vulnerability, recognizing the strength, weak points and threats of the neighborhood based on SWOT chart, defining the district planning framework and perspective (so in the first step, main goals were defined and then targets were listed, finally policies were defined based on targets).  Conclusion: The perspective has been defined for Khaj-e-Morad quarter as a case study. The objectives and policies were described based on recognition of neighborhood to achieve its ideal situation in the future.
169 Special Vulnerability Assessment Caused by the Earthquake in Tehran and Surrounding Area Yaghoob Nejad Asl Nazila d d in Geomorphological risks, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ardebil, Iran 1 4 2018 8 1 16 26 31 08 2017 17 10 2017 Background and objective: Vulnerability assessment caused by earthquake is necessary in Tehran and its surrounding because of its situation on the faults and also non-observance the earthquake engineering in construction. The objective of this study is to assess the vulnerability caused earthquake in Tehran and its surroundings.   Method: Vulnerability index such as magnitude of earthquake, distance from the faults, land usage, urban population density, rural population density, roads density, elevation and slope based on fuzzy model were used and the vulnerability zonation map caused by earthquake for Tehran and its surroundings was achieved. Findings: The results showed that about 20%, 64.18% and 29.61%, respectively, of areas are situated in very high and high, medium, low and very low vulnerable zones. The high vulnerability areas are situated in the mountainous and foothill areas and beside the active faults. These vulnerable areas are also situated where large and destructive earthquakes happened through times. Therefore, there is a risk of more damages in case of reoccurrence of 6 Richter and more earthquakes. Results: Considering the high of this area, it is suggested to prevent urban development and non-observance constructions in mountainous and foothill zones as well as reconstructions considering social, economic and cultural views. The managers and urban planner may use vulnerability zonation map to prevent or decrease vulnerability caused by earthquake. 170 Special The Model of Risk Assessment of Critical Assets of a Geographical Area (Province) by Emphasis on Passive Defense Hakimzadeh Asl Vahid e Kavand Abbas f Rostami Hosein g e Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran f Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran g Master of Geography, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 1 4 2018 8 1 27 41 15 09 2017 13 11 2017 Background and Purpose: Evaluationg the risk of assets is one of the most important steps to reduce damages caused by threats. The objective of this study is introducing a model to evaluate the risk of assets in a region (e.g. provinve). The risk evaluation in fact is a damages prediction against probable threats. Recognizing the risk centers and zones affected by critical assets in a region may prevent vast damages or considerably reduce damages.  Method: The descriptive-analitic method was used in this study. In the first step, the important assets in studied region (a city, a provine or a country) identified. Then, based on identified index, the value of each asset, amount of threats, as well as size of the assets vulnerability against each threat defined through a survey in the form of questionnaire by the experts and fieldwork. As a result, important assets vulnerability size of the syudied region will define. Findings and Conclusion: This study present critical assets risk map in an area of the country against each threat and as a result the priority of asset risk size. The governors and planners may use informations based on mentioned method in the region to prioritize and planning to reduce risks which cause conciderable reduction of damages or threats. 171 Special Identifying the Effective Factors on Emergency Evacuation the Buildings in the case of Fire Mirsaeedie Leila h Shamsi Azadeh i h , Department of Architecture, Gonbad-e-Kavoos Branch, Azad University, Gonbad-e-Kavoos, Iran i Faculty of Art and Architecture, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran 1 4 2018 8 1 42 53 11 11 2017 19 12 2017 Background and objective: In any incidents, every minute is vital to survive human lives; so installing emergency facilities, proper entrances and exists is a necessity in constructions. Although there are standarsds in construction’s safe design but also proper location for escape in buildings based on exact calculation of time and volume of people in the case of crisis should be considered. In many countries, but not in Iran, manouvers carried out in order to prepare in the case the incidents to eliminate faults in architectural designs and plans, which need time and money. Now a days, consulting engineers design buildings based on standards which considered by concerned organizatios. For effective application of the standards the complete evacuation time should be considered as well. The complex plans and limit access to streets make difficult the evacuation and rescue. Achieving an approach to evaluate the effective standards in order to evacuate a building in a right time has an important role in capabilites of concerned organizations in crisis. The objective of the paper is considering effective elemnts in evacuation the buildings in fire. Method: This study is based on descriptional-analytic method. Previous researches in this field are used in order to identify the effective factors in buildings’ evacuation in crisis especially in fire. Findings: There are importatnt elements in rescue from fire; an operation during the fire depends on factors such as human characteristics, fire and building featurs. Results: The effective human characteristics in evacuation such fastness, decision making and so on are studied. Constructional eslements and plans are categorized based on spaces and location which have especial standards. 173 Special Studying the importance and priority dimensions in crisis management from the employees’ view Rahimi Ebrahim j j PhD in Human Resource Management, Faculty member of Technical and Vocational University, Lecturer in Payam-e-Noor University, Markazi Provence, Iran. 1 4 2018 8 1 54 65 12 11 2017 03 01 2018 Background and objective: Organizations and industries are always affected by crisis. Thus, managers should find a solution to prevent or reduce crisis impacts on their management organizations and industries. The best way is crisis management. The objective of this research is studying the importance and priority of crisis management dimensions from the employees’ view. Method: This study is based on a discretional method. The statistical population are 207 employees of Shazand petrochemical industry which chosen by random sampling. Data are based on questionnaires. The Cronbach’s alpha index of the questionnaire is 929. This index was permanent. The T test and Friedman test were used in SPSS software in order to studying the importance and priority of crisis management dimensions. Findings: The comparison between crisis management dimensions and hypothetical mean of 3 indicates that all dimensions importance are more than average and in general all the dimensions are at a desirable level from the employees’ vie. In the term of prioritization prevention, reaction, preparation and post- reaction factors were ranked first to fourth respectively.  Result: According to the findings, organizational and decision making strategies in crisis management and reducing crisis effects were suggested to managers. 176 Special Identification and prioritization the risks of water supply and distribution system with a hybrid approach of AHP and extended TODIM (Case study: Qazvin) Rezaeenour Jalal k Mozneb Imamzadeh Elmirasadat l Zaker Hamed m k university of Qom, University of Qom, Department of Industrial Engineering, Qom, Iran l university of Qom, University of Qom, Department of Industrial Engineering, Qom, Iran m university of Qom, University of Qom, Department of Industrial Engineering , Qom, Iran 1 4 2018 8 1 66 80 22 11 2017 20 01 2018 Background and objective: Healthy water supply is an interesting issue to researches since global warming of the earth due to factors such as climate changes and increasing fossil fuel consumption consequently reduce available water resources. One of the most challenging issues in this field is health and public health in countries. Water suppliers should aware of all risks evolved in this regard and tries to resolve them by prioritizing. This study considers risk priority in the water supply and distribution system. Method: This study used experts’ research and views, effective risks and their measurements. Then, by means of the hierarchical analysis process, the significance of the standards has been calculated. Finally, the risks are categorized based on their importance by using TEDIM method (abbr. of multi-criteria and interactive decision making in Portuguese). Findings: The study results showed that the potential economic loses and refundable capabilities have the most impact on risks assessing; while being ready in crisis and probability of a risk occurrence have less impact than other standards to risks analysis. Finally, according to criteria importance, the risks of industrial material discharges to water and underground water infiltration to networ have the most importance, while severe climate changes and consumption fluctuation risks have less importance. Results: Findings showed that factors such as potential economic losses and refundable capabilities, as well as underground water infiltration into network and soil subsidence have the most importance in risk management. Since the risks in water supply and distribution systems play a significant role in managers’ decisions, findings of the study may help to take best decisions to confront the risks.  186 Special Crisis management and feasibility in using oil mulch to stabilize sand and wind erosion control Saidi N n Ghaderi A o Dezhan M p n in Physics and Soil Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, Valis Asr University ,Rafsanjan, Iran o Technical Deputy in Natural resources and Watershed South of Kerman, Iran p Technical Deputy in Natural resources and Watershed South of Kerman, Iran 1 4 2018 8 1 81 91 26 10 2017 02 01 2018 Background and objective: Wind erosion is one of the prominent desertification processes in many parts of the world such as low rainfall areas; and Iran is faced with this difficulty because of its geographical location. This study tries to consider some wind sediment controlling method especially the effect of oil mulch on sand stabilization. Method: This study is a functional research by using descriptive-analytic method; according to necessities of the research, library studies, watching some satellite images, referring to relevant governmental organization, making interviews as well as fieldworks were done. Finally, logical solutions for proper managements against wind erosion deliver according to the mentioned information.    Findings: In recent years droughts in south of Kerman province destroyed the poor vegetation in desert as well as increased wind speed in the region along with desertification process and creating dunes. These mentioned elements also caused severe wind erosion in critical centers, so destroyed bushes and trees in Ghale-Ganj plain. Increasing growth of dunes is a threat to villages and caused the migration of the rural population. Visiting the region and studying the existing researches indicate that using oil mulch can be applied as a practical way to control the wind erosion and dunes in Ghale-Ganj area.  Conclusion: The application of oil mulch to control wind erosion and dust prevention is the considerable way in country. The oil mulch has many benefits and is an effective way to prevent dunes; but the destruction of the environment by oil mulch makes it difficult to use.