Introduction
Along with increased complexity of working conditions and service capabilities, telecommunication networks should increase their ability to deal with crises and emergency situations, which can be achieved by carefully analyzing the various dimensions of crisis management. The importance of dealing with crisis management and its dimensions affected by accidents in industries and telecommunication networks and natural disasters is such that optimal crisis management has become a challenge in these networks. If the problem of choosing a suitable model to deal with crisis management in telecommunication networks is not addressed, we will continue to face problems such as the high amount of damages caused by work accidents, destruction of infrastructures, network interruption, confusion in determining priorities and lack of coordination between different parts of telecommunication networks due to the occurrence of natural disasters.
The lack of high-quality information systems that can help the organizations in performing its duties at the time of crisis can be a problem in telecommunication networks. Considering the need to improve information systems at the time of crisis, this study aims to explore the impact of three dimensions of system quality, information quality, knowledge of users and analysts on crisis management in Iran’s telecommunication networks.

Methods
In this study, to extract the most important factors affecting crisis management in telecommunication networks, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire with the participation of 49 managers and experts from Iran’s telecommunication networks (fixed and mobile), who were selected using a stratified random sampling method from a study population (n=980) (Figure 1).

The sample size was determined using the Cochran formula. To quantitatively evaluate the content validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of 20 experts about the degree of agreement between the items of the questionnaires and the purpose of the research were used. By calculating the content validity ration (CVR=0.63), the content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. Its reliability was also confirmed with a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.88. Data were analyzed using descriptive method in SPSS software, version 27.0.1.

Results
The findings showed a moderate correlation between the domains of system quality, information quality and knowledge of users and analysts in crisis management by the telecommunication networks organization. The three-dimensional model was thus effective. It was reported that 26.3% of changes in crisis management in the telecommunication networks organization were explained by system quality, 17.4% by information quality and 14.4% by the knowledge of users and analysts. It shows the relatively moderate impact of system quality on crisis management. The three domains together explained 28.3% of the changes in crisis management, which is a moderate effect.

Conclusion
Upgrading the two-dimensional model of information systems to a three-dimensional model, revealed some hidden details of information systems, which can play a favorable role in crisis management with optimal control. Although the two-dimensional model has an undeniable effectiveness in the crisis management of telecommunication networks, it cannot be optimally effective, because it neglects the user knowledge or consider it partially in the quality of information. The relative weights of system quality, information quality, and knowledge of users and analysts showed that Iran’s telecommunication network organizations (fixed and mobile) have information systems with relatively moderate quality that are not suitable for administrative levels. It is recommended to pay serious attention to the quality of these systems as well as the information input sources so that they can plan and organize services. Due to the importance of providing safe and accurate information by information systems in crisis management, it is recommended to review the two components of current information systems (system quality and information quality), so that they can provide safe and accurate information. In terms of information quality, data integrity should be maintained in information systems. Therefore, it is recommended that the received information should be constantly updated and information systems should be improved to provide all recent information to the decision maker. Education for improving skills and knowledge of employees in telecommunication network organizations should be also provided to have optimal crisis management in this industry. Also, for the optimal management of the crisis, telecommunications network managers, by creating a suitable interactive environment, should provide the possibility of easy exchange of knowledge between users, analysts and system developers who can help in a very tangible and partial role in improving the quality of information systems.

Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
In this study, no experiments on animal or human samples were conducted. All publication ethics were observed.

Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors

Authors' contributions
The authors contributed equally to preparing this paper.

Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the managers and experts from the Telecommunication Company of Iran and subordinate organizations of the Iranian Ministry of Information and Communications Technology for their cooperation in this study.

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